Alternate Logic-Gate Representations

Alternate Logic-Gate Representations

We have discussed the five basic logic gates (AND, OR, INVERTER, NAND, and NOR) and the standard symbols used to represent them in a logic circuit diagram. Most of the logic networks use standard symbols. But in some networks an alternative set of symbols is used in addition to the standard symbols. The table shows the alternate set of symbols for the five basic gates.

Table: Alternate Logic Gate Representations

To convert any normal symbol to its corresponding alternate symbol, the following steps are used:

METHODOLOGY: TO CONVERT STANDARD SYMBOL TO ALTERNATE SYMBOL

  • Step 1: Add bubbles (indication of inversion) at those input or output points where it is not present.
  • Step 2: Remove all pre-existing bubbles of the normal symbol, if there is any at the point (only NOT, NAND and NOR gates)
  • Step 3: If the existing normal logic symbol is AND, change it to OR, Similarly, if it is OR, then change it to AND. There is no change for the triangular symbol of NOT gate.

REFERENCES

1.        Digital Design by M. Morris Mano, Michael D Ciletti, Pearson
2.        Digital Fundamentals by Thomas L. Floyd, R. P. Jain, Pearson
3.        Digital Circuits and Design by S Salivahanan, S Arivazhagan, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd.
4.        Digital Systems by Ronald J. Tocci, Neal S. Widmer, Gregory L. Moss, Pearson
5.        Digital Electronics Principles And Integrated Circuits by Anil K. Maini
6.        Fundamentals of Digital Circuits by Anand Kumar
7.        Digital Electronics by John Morris 
8.        Digital Electronics : An Introduction To Theory And Practice By William Gothmann.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Number Systems

Image
  Table: - Various number systems and their bases S. No Name of Number System Base/Radix 1. Binary 2 2. Octal 8 3. Decimal 10 4. Hexadecimal 16 Table: - number systems S. No Name of Number System Base/Radix First Digit Last Digit All Digits/ Characters 1. Binary 2 0 1 0,1 2. Octal 8 0 7 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 3. Decimal 10 0 9 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 4. Hexadecimal 16 0 F 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F Table: - Number Formats S. No Name Size (bits) Example 1. Bit 1 1 2. Nibble 4 1010 3. Byte 8 1000 1100 4. Word 16 1010 1010 1010 1010 5. Double Word 32 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 Table: - Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Number S. No Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal 1. 0 0000 0 0 2. 1 0001 1 1 3. 2 0010 2 2 4. 3 0011 3 3 5. 4 0100 4 4 6. 5 0101 5 5 7. 6 0110 6 6 8. 7 0111 7 7 9. 8 1000 10 8 10. 9 1001 11 9 11. 10 1010 12 A 12. 11 1011 13 B 13. 12 1100 14 C 14. 13 1101 15 D 15. 14 1110 16 E 16. 15 1111 17 F 17. 16 0001 0000 20 10 18. 17 0001 0001 21 11 19. 18 0001 0010 22 12 20.
Read more

An Introduction to Digital Logic Families

Image
  What is a Logic Family? In Digital Designs, our primary aim is to create an Integrated Circuit (IC). A Circuit configuration or arrangement of the circuit elements in a special manner will result in a particular Logic Family. What are the advantages of creating different Logic Families? Electrical Characteristics of the  IC will be identical. In other words, the different parameters like Noise Margin, Fan In, Fan Out etc will be identical. Different ICs belonging to the same logic families will be compatible with each other. Some Characteristics we consider for the selection of a particular Logic Family are: Supply voltage range  Speed of response  Power dissipation  Input and output logic levels  Current sourcing and sinking capability Fan-out  Noise margin The basic Classification of the Logic Families are as follows: Bipolar Devices MOS Devices Hybrid Devices  Bipolar Families: Diode Logic (DL) Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL) Diode Transistor Logic (DTL) Transistor- Transistor Log
Read more