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Alternate Logic-Gate Representations

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Alternate Logic-Gate Representations We have discussed the five basic logic gates (AND, OR, INVERTER, NAND, and NOR) and the standard symbols used to represent them in a logic circuit diagram. Most of the logic networks use standard symbols. But in some networks an alternative set of symbols is used in addition to the standard symbols. The table shows the alternate set of symbols for the five basic gates. Table: Alternate Logic Gate Representations To convert any normal symbol to its corresponding alternate symbol, the following steps are used: METHODOLOGY: TO CONVERT STANDARD SYMBOL TO ALTERNATE SYMBOL Step 1: Add bubbles (indication of inversion) at those input or output points where it is not present. Step 2: Remove all pre-existing bubbles of the normal symbol, if there is any at the point (only NOT, NAND and NOR gates) Step 3: If the existing normal logic symbol is AND, change it to OR, Similarly, if it is OR, then change it to AND. There is no change for the triangular symbol of ...
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Quine-Mccluskey Method

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 Quine-Mccluskey Method It also known as Tabular method. It is more systematic method of minimizing expressions of even larger number of variables. It is suitable for hand computation as well as computation by machines i.e., programmable. . The procedure is based on repeated application of the combining theorem.  PA+P =P (P is set of literals) on all adjacent pairs of terms, yields the set of all PI‘s from which a minimal sum may be selected.  Consider expression ∑m(0,1,4,5)= + C+A +A C First,  second terms & third, fourth terms can be combined ( + ) + (C+ )= + A Reduced to (      +    ) = The same result can be obtained by combining m 0 & m 4 & m 1 &m 5 in first step & resulting terms in the second step. Procedure: Decimal Representation Don‘t cares PI chart EPI Dominating Rows & Columns Determination of Minimal expressions in c...
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BCA Syllabus Topics

SEMESTER-2 nd Course: BCA SUBJECT: DIGITAL COMPUTER ORGANIZATION Syllabus : Unit-I : Digital computer and digital system; Binary number system: number base conversion. Compliments: one's, two's, 9's and 10's complements code: Gray BCD, ASCII, and error detection code. Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, EX-OR, Universal gate. Logic Circuit. Boolean function: Rules and simplification, simplification of Boolean function using map method, don't care condition. Unit-II: Combinational Circuits: Adders, Subtractors, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer Decoder, Encoder) Sequential Circuit: Flip-Flop: RS, Clocked RS, JK, D flip-flop, and Master board, Case studies to understand organization of laptop like Dell, Lenovo etc. slave flip-flop. Register- Introduction, Shift register, serial Transfer & parlor Load. Counters- Ripple Counter (Asynchronous), Synchronous Counters. Unit-III: 8086 internal architecture, register organization of 8086, addressing modes, instruction set and assembler ...
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