Digital Techniques Diploma (Poly) 3rd semester

 



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Number Systems

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  Table: - Various number systems and their bases S. No Name of Number System Base/Radix 1. Binary 2 2. Octal 8 3. Decimal 10 4. Hexadecimal 16 Table: - number systems S. No Name of Number System Base/Radix First Digit Last Digit All Digits/ Characters 1. Binary 2 0 1 0,1 2. Octal 8 0 7 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 3. Decimal 10 0 9 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 4. Hexadecimal 16 0 F 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F Table: - Number Formats S. No Name Size (bits) Example 1. Bit 1 1 2. Nibble 4 1010 3. Byte 8 1000 1100 4. Word 16 1010 1010 1010 1010 5. Double Word 32 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 Table: - Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Number S. No Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal 1. 0 0000 0 0 2. 1 0001 1 1 3. 2 0010 2 2 4. 3 0011 3 3 5. 4 0100 4 4 6. 5 0101 5 5 7. 6 0110 6 6 8. 7 0111 7 7 9. 8 1000 10 8 10. 9 1001 11 9 11. 10 1010 12 A 12. 11 1011 13 B 13. 12 1100 14 C 14. 13 1101 15 D 15. 14 1110 16 E 16. 15 1111 17 F 17. 16 0001 0000 20 10 18. 17 0001 0001 21 11 19. 18 0001 0010 22 12 20.
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An Introduction to Digital Logic Families

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  What is a Logic Family? In Digital Designs, our primary aim is to create an Integrated Circuit (IC). A Circuit configuration or arrangement of the circuit elements in a special manner will result in a particular Logic Family. What are the advantages of creating different Logic Families? Electrical Characteristics of the  IC will be identical. In other words, the different parameters like Noise Margin, Fan In, Fan Out etc will be identical. Different ICs belonging to the same logic families will be compatible with each other. Some Characteristics we consider for the selection of a particular Logic Family are: Supply voltage range  Speed of response  Power dissipation  Input and output logic levels  Current sourcing and sinking capability Fan-out  Noise margin The basic Classification of the Logic Families are as follows: Bipolar Devices MOS Devices Hybrid Devices  Bipolar Families: Diode Logic (DL) Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL) Diode Transistor Logic (DTL) Transistor- Transistor Log
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